Quincy granite is a riebeckite-aegirite granite, riebeckite and aegirite being varieties of hornblende and augite, respect ively. The general color of the fresh normal granite ranges from a medium gray or bluish gray to a very dark bluish gray, all with black or blue-black spots. Its texture is medium to coarse and even grained, with feldspars up to 04 and 05 inch, and the black sili cates up to 03 and 04 inch. Its constituents are (1) A medium to dark bluish gray feldspar always with minutely intergrown soda-lime feldspar. It is apparently more or less darkened by a varying number of extremely minute particles of a black mineral. (2) Medium to dark smoky quartz, some of it with a slight bluish tinge. This quartz also incloses minute black particles, and in places hairlike crystals, presumably of rutile. (3) A little lime-soda feldspar. (4) Riebeckite or hornblende and aegirite or augite, both minerals being in many specimens intergrown.

Quincy granite for monumental purposes goes under the names of "medium," "dark" and "extra dark". The estimated mineral per centages show that these differences in shade are due in part to a variation in the amounts of the black silicates and of the smoky quartz. In part, they are also due to a variation in the degree of kaolinization of the feldspars and in the abundance of black particles and of hornblende in them. The smokiness of the quartz appears to be due to infinitesimal particles of some black mineral. The bluish tint of the feldspars is due to microscopic crystals of riebeckite. The contrast of shade is chiefly between the black silicates and the combined quartz and feldspar, except where the feld spar is whitened by kaolinization, which causes it to stand out from the quartz. Quincy granite is noted for its high polish. This sus ceptibility to high polish is due to the absence of mica and to the coarser cleavage of the varieties of hornblende and augite which take its place. The crushing test of Quincy granite is 17,000 pounds to the cubic inch.

Syenite, which is the character of stone quarried in Quincy, is composed of quartz, feldspar and hornblende. The difference between syenite and granite is that the former contains hornblende instead of mica. It received its name from the city of Syene, Upper Egypt, where large quarries of it can be found of a pinkish hue, but more recent investigations have proven that the ancient syenite is only granite with black mica, and not hornblende, as was sup posed.

k or extra dark Quincy granite needs no "doping" or color ing. The practice of "doctoring" Quincy stone must be resorted to only when medium or light stock is substituted for dark, or in order to cover the plaster in defective polishing. But if stock, which is naturally dark, is sufficiently ironed down and polished, adulteration can add nothing to the intrinsic beauty of the pure granite. Of course, it should be borne in mind that the best stock and good polishing command a higher price than inferior stock and poor pol ishing, ink and lamp black are cheap. However, the difference in price is justified, because a polished, extra dark Quincy granite mon ument, properly finished, makes a memorial of unsurpassed beauty. WE HAVE TOLD THE STORY of the first railway in the United States, and of Solomon Willard and his wonderful achievements in con nection with building the Bunker Hill Monument, but the concluding chapter to date of the industry began by him remains to be nar rated. There has been little, if any, interruption to the business during the 86 years of its existence. Of course, the original owners have died, to be succeeded by others, and they in turn by men of another generation, but it is only a change of management, the Granite Railway Company still goes on. The original railway in 1870 was merged into the Old Colony Railroad Company, and it passed into the control of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. But these changes have added to the facilities of the Gran ite Railway Company by the rail connections with their own five miles of track that reach every part of their quarry and yards, they thus are as well, if not better, equipped with shipping facilities than any quarry in New England. Added to these improvements they have installed in quarry and yard every known modern appliance and tool with which to facilitate the quarrying, cutting and handling of their stone. After the deal of Thomas H. Perkins, in 1854, much of their land extending on the west to East Mliton was sold, and in 1900, the Park Commissioners of the Commonwealth took the wharf at Neponset, but they still retain an area sufficient for their large business.

The old Bunker Hill quarry has not been operated for years, but in its place another nearby, called the Pine Hill quarry, has been developed, and it is the largest and best dark blue quarry in Quincy, and the company claims that they are the only firm in Quincy that undertakes to handle the largest class of work in this grade of stone to the limit of transportation.

During this long business career they have furnished many monuments of note, one of which, that for the Hon William C. Whitney, ex-Secretary of the Navy, is illustrated on another page of this history. This monument is cut from their dark granite and is all polished, and it is safe to say that no more beautiful specimen of the art can be produced. In addition to their monumental work they make a specialty of shipping Grout stone for grade crossing work, rip-rap, etc. The illustration herewith shows a trainload of this material on their railroad leaving their quarries, the aggregate weight being more than five hundred tons. Building work is another important part of their business. Some of the most noted structures in this country have been built of material furnished by them. Among which, beside the Bunker Hill monument and the equally famous Minot's Lighthouse at the entrance to Boston harbor, may be mentioned the United States dry dock at Charlestown, Mass, and Gasport (now Norfolk), Va, the Boston Custom House, New Orleans Custom House, the Old Tremont House, Boston, the Astor House, New York City, the Equitable Life Assurance Company's Building, New York, Charter Oak Life Insurance Building, and the Hartford Life Insurance Company's Building, Hartford, Conn, the Munroe County Court House, Rochester, N. Y., as well as many more modern public and commercial buildings in this country. In 1864, the company bought a light quarry at Concord, New Hampshire, which they operated until 1901, when it was sold. They employ about 75 hands and their trade extends all over the United States, including Honolulu.

L. S. Anderson, the able treasurer and manager of the Granite Railway Company, is a native of Braintree, Massachusetts, but took up his residence in Quincy 43 years ago. He was graduated from the Boston English High School in 1873, after which he prepared for Harvard University at Adams Academy, Quincy. He was graduated from Harvard in 1882, and soon after was employed as clerk in the general freight department of the Old Colony Railroad Com pany for three years, when he was engaged as assistant to the pres ident and assistant treasurer of the Union Pacific Railroad, where he remained six years. He then was appointed superintendent of the Quincy Quarry Railroad Branch, which position he held until 1900, when he assumed his present duties.

HENRY C. SMALLEY, president of the Henry C. Smalley Gran ite Company, Inc, 74 to 88 Penn street, Quincy Adams, is a native of Shrewsbury, Rutland County, Vermont, where he was born February 14, 1862. After completing his education at Vermont Academy, he entered the employ of the Vermont Marble Company, Proctor, Vt, for about a year, and was then transferred to the Bos ton Branch, and after about a year in the office and yard, he was employed as their travelling salesman for New England and Mari time Provinces for about five years. He then was the travelling representative of Torry & Co, Boston, for nine years, after which time he took up the granite business, first as a jobber, and soon branched out as quarry owner and manufacturer. He owns the Calder and Carnie Westerly Granite Company, Westerly, R. I., which company has in operation two quarries, one producing the famous Calder & Carnie Pink Westerly, acknowledged to be the best Pink Westerly in the market, and the other quarry producing the Red Westerly, which is recognized as one of the best Red Granite Quarries in operation Aside from these two quarries he owns the Daniels Granite Company, Milford, N. H., which pro duces the Souhegan Blue and Souhegan Dark granite, which stock is fast gaining favor wherever it is used.

This company has furnished some of the best work produced, one job being the "Roth" monument, of extra dark Quincy granite, which sets at West Elizabeth, N. J., also the "Griffith," of Blue Gray Westerly, in Wareham, Mass, and many other ranging in price from $500 to $5,000. The company has one of the best, if not the best, equipped cutting plant in Quincy and probably employs more men than any other firm.

Andrew McIntosh, Jr, vice-president and manager of the Henry C. Smalley Granite Company, was born in Aberdeen, Scot land, January 1, 1868. He came to this country when five years of age, and after leaving school he served his time as granite cutter and carver in Quincy and Westerly. His wide experience has equipped him to maintain a high standard of work such as this firm has the reputation of producing.

THE FIRM OF BIRNIE & DIACK, Columbia street, Quincy Adams, is composed of William L. Birnie and Alfred O. Diack. Both men are natives of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, the former being born March 22, 1855, and the latter October 31, 1867. Mr. Birnie learned his trade in the quarries of Kemnay, Scotland, and at Aber deen, where he worked nine years. He then came to this country and was employed by General Tilson at Hurricane Island, Me, where he remained one year, going from there to the Bodwell Gran ite Company, Vinal Haven, Me. Three years later he went to Mil ford, Mass, and from there to Graniteville, Mo., where after a few months he returned to Milford, and in 1890 went to Quincy in the employ of W. C. Townsend, and later for S. Henry Barnicoat, when he became associated with Mr. Diack.

Mr. Diack learned his trade in Kemnay under his father, Alex ander Diack, after which he worked as journeyman in Jersey Island, and in Wales, when in 1889, he went to Milford. Two years later he went West, working in Texas, Colorado and California, when he went to Quincy and worked for S. Henry Barnicoat and later with McIntosh & Son a few months, when he formed a partnership with Mr. Birnie and engaged in the wholesale monumental business at their present location. They have a well-equipped plant and employ 30 hands, their trade extending all over the country Mr. Diack is vice-president of the National Association of Granite Industries of the United States, and president of the Granite Manufacturers' Association of Quincy. He is also one of the directors of the Mt. Wollaston Cemetery, a member of St. Stephen's Chapter, Quincy Commandery, and Aleppo Temple, F. and A. M., Mt. Wollaston Lodge, Manet Encampment and Shawmut Canton, I. O. O. F., and is chief of Clan McGregor. He served two years as a member of Quincy City Council.

THE FIRM OF JOSS BROTHERS COMPANY, Quincy, was estab lished in 1882, and is one of the oldest in that section. The business was carried on by John and James Joss, under the firm name of Joss Brothers, until 1895, when it was incorporated under the present name.

They have an up-to-date plant consisting of polishing mill and cutting sheds covering about an acre of ground. A 125 horse-power boiler and engine furnishes power for their machinery and air com pressor Pneumatic tools, surface cutters and all the most modern machinery is in use in all departments and two 15-ton traveling cranes are used in the polishing mill and cutting sheds. While the major part of their orders call for monuments in Quincy granite they use considerable Westerly and other New England granites. They employ from 25 to 30 men, and have earned a reputation for a high standard of quality in the work which they turn out. Of the recent public monuments cut by them mention can be made of the Soldiers' monument in Sandwich, Mass, shown on another page. This monument, standing 35 feet high and 8-6 square at the base, is surmounted by a statue of a soldier at parade rest. They recently furnished a soldiers' monument for Melrose, Mass, and one of the memorial monuments on the Chattanooga battlefield was made by them.

John Joss was president of the company from its incorporation to the time of his death in 1906, when he was succeeded by Mr. Jonathan Dinnie James Joss, the present manager, who has also been treasurer of the company since it was incorporated, is a native of Huntly, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, but came to the United States in 1871, when but a young man. Since 1901 he has been treasurer of the Granite Manufacturers' Association, of which he is an active member, and is also a member of the Quincy Board of Trade. ANDREW MILNE, of the firm of Milne & Chalmers, Inc., Quincy Adams, and Summer street, Boston, is one of the oldest men in the granite business in Quincy. He was born at Aberdeenshire, Scot land, February 13, 1841, and when twenty-eight years of age he came to this country and settled in Quincy, learning the polishing trade in the yard of McKenzie & Patterson. He worked as a jour neyman until 1880, when he became associated with John Wiley, George Chalmers and W. A. Smith, and formed a partnership under the firm name of Milne & Chalmers at South Quincy. In 1904 the firm dissolved and Mr. Milne bought the business, and two years later it was incorporated under its present name, with Andrew Milne, president, Mary B. Milne, treasurer, and James Milne, clerk. In 1910 he, together with J. L. Miller, Henry McGrath, Reed & Vendret, P. T. Fitzgerald, and later, his son James, daughter Mary, and Peter E. Vendret formed a corporation under the name of the Bay View Quarry Company, and bought the well-known Field & Weld quarries, the officers being Messrs Miller, president, McGrath, vice-president; Reed, treasurer, and Milne, secretary. Milne & Chalmers do a large retail business throughout New England and employ sixty hands. His son, Thomas, is a traveling salesman for the house, and another son, Andrew, is senior member of Milne & Hector of Quincy Adams. Mr. Milne is a member of Wollaston Lodge, St. Stephen Chapter, Boston Council, Quincy Commandery, Aleppo Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. of Boston. He is an extensive operator in real estate, being president of the Presi dent Hill Real Estate Trust, also of President Hill Annex Real Estate Trust, and secretary of Cranch Hill Real Estate Trust. He is one of the incorporators of the First Presbyterian Church Society, was president of its Building Committee and chairman of the Church Remodeling Committee.

JOHN L. MILLER, Quincy Adams, is a native of Truro, N. S., where he was born January 1, 1854. He was apprenticed to the iron foundry trade at which he worked four years when on December 31, 1872, he went to Quincy and was employed by the O. T. Rogers Granite Company. Two years later he went to Dix Island, Maine, and after a short time returned to Quincy, working for Fredericks & Field four years, when he organized the Merry Mount Granite Company, in which he held the position of manager seven years. He then became associated with W. H. Thomas of Saratoga Springs, N. Y., and they established the firm of Thomas & Miller, which continued twelve years, when he bought his partner's interest. His plant covers an area of over 70,000 feet, and is equipped with the latest improved machinery to facilitate the manufacture of the high class work for which he is noted, and which is sent to all parts of the United States and many foreign countries. Besides his large manufacturing interest, Mr. Miller is a director of the Bay View Quarry Company, chairman of the Quincy School Committee, of which board he has been a member since 1903, chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Wollaston Baptist Church, director of the Y. M. C. A., and a member of the Quincy Board of Trade. He served as president of the Quincy Granite Manufacturers' Associa tion five years and as vice-president of the National Association. He is also ex-president of the Massachusetts Retail Monument Dealers' Association, a member of the Boston Chamber of Com merce, and an officer in the National Association of Retailers.

THE FIRM OF J. O. GOLBRANSON & Co., Quincy Adams, is composed of John O. Golbranson and John S. Anderson. Both are natives of Sweden, Mr Golbranson being born at Guttenberg, June 23, 1872, and came to Quincy in 1893, where he was employed by Swingle & Faulkner seven years. He then worked for Fred Barni coat six years, where he became associated in business with Mr. Anderson. Mr. Anderson was born near Stockholm, January 23, 1874, and came to Quincy in 1893, going to work for McIntosh & Sons, where he remained eight years. He then was engaged by Fred Barnicoat five years, when he joined Mr. Golbranson in business. They started in a yard on Centre street, where they remained until about two years ago, when they bought the M. E. Cook & Co's plant, where they are now located. They employ about 25 men and do a wholesale business all over the United States.

THOMAS BISHOP, of Thomas Bishop & Co., Intervale avenue, Quincy Adams, is a native of Cornwall, England, where he was born February 11, 1867. His father, William H., owned a quarry in Cornwall, and his nine sons were taught the trade of stone cut ting. Thomas came to Quincy in 1888, and was employed in the yard of Craig & Richards two years, when he went to work for McDonald & Sons, and one year later he was engaged in construct ing the Ames Building at North Easton. In 1892 he became asso ciated with his brothers in business. They are William, James, John H., Joseph, Alfred, Charles, Richard, Benjamin and Edwin, the last two being twins. They remained on Centre street two years, when they moved to Nightingale avenue. The brothers dissolved part- nership, and Thomas and Joseph took the business and they moved to their present location in 1896. In 1903 Joseph sold his interest to Thomas, and he has conducted it alone ever since. His plant is equipped with all the latest improved tools and appliances, and he gives employment to twenty hands. He is associated with his broth ers in the ownership of a quarry and a polishing mill. William died in May, 1888, and John, in April, 1906, but the remaining brothers, together with A. M. Smart and Mr. Lacount, constitute the Lincoln Polishing Company. Joseph, Thomas, Alfred and Charles, as the Bishop Brothers' Quarry Company, own a large quarry at Quincy, and Joseph, Thomas and Charles own the Golden Pink Quarry at Niantic, Conn. Each of the brothers are also engaged in the cut ting business, Alfred and Charles on Nightingale street, Edwin and Benjamin as partners on Brooks avenue, Joseph on Intervale street, and Bishop & Lacount on Brooks avenue. Thomas was a member of the Quincy Common Council in 1908 and 1909, is a member of the Board of Trade, and the Royal Arcanum.

JOHN CHRISTOPHER BALLOW, Quarry street, Quincy, is a native of Cambridgeport, Mass, where he was born April 3, 1852. He went when a child with his parents to Quincy, and after a few years in school worked at the milk business, which he abandoned more than a quarter of a century ago, and engaged in the business of teaming stone. Incidentally it may be mentioned that he moved the first load of stone cut in Quincy for Jones Bros' Company. A few years later he became associated with Walter Fagan and under the firm name of Fagan & Ballow they bought the Henry Barker & Bros' quarry and carried on the business of quarrying and cutting granite. Mr. Fagan retired after several years and Mr. Ballow con tinued the business, leasing what is known as the old Greenleaf estate from the Pattee heirs. This property covers more than nine teen acres and includes one of the best quarries in the country. Mr. Ballow has spent a large amount of money in developing this property, and has erected large cutting and polishing sheds, in which are installed all the latest modern machinery and appliances. The large engine house is a model of its kind, and furnishes steam and compressed air for the entire plant. Mr. Ballow gives employment to thirty men, and his trade extends to all parts of this country and Europe. He is a member of the Quincy Board of Trade and Build ing Trade Association of Quincy.

THE EMPIRE POLISHING COMPANY, Penn street, Quincy Adams, although established but eight years, has attained a leading place among the granite manufacturers in that section. As polishers they do a large business, although their trade is confined to the cutters located in their immediate vicinity, but the volume of trade is suffi cient to keep their large plant, consisting of 14 polishing machines and other up-to-date machinery, run to the limit of capacity. A distinct feature of their business is that of supplying compressed air and power for the eleven firms for whom they do the polishing. To do this work they have installed a 1400-feet air compressing engine, the largest in Quincy. This is in addition to one of 560 and of 390 feet, respectively. Two 250 horse power boilers and 150 horse power Corliss engine furnishes the motive power. The firm also own the plant on which the Quincy Avenue Granite Company are located. It is the largest plant in the world for granite polishing. The members of the firm are John A. Clark, who was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, August 23, 1870, but left there for Kingston, Ontario, in 1878, where he lived until 1885, when he went to work in the iron mines. In 1890 he went to Chester, Mass, and worked one year in the polishing mill of Hudson & Chester Granite Company. He then went to Quincy, and was employed by McKenzie & Patter son, and then went to Cambridge. Two years later he went to Plymouth, where he worked two years, when he returned to Quincy and was employed by Swingle & Falkner. After six years he formed a partnership under the firm name of Clark, Martin & Chalmers, but a few months later Mr. Chalmers resigned and the name was changed to its present title. Mr. Clark is treasurer of Manet Council, Royal Arcanum, and is a member of Clan McGregor Angus D. Martin is a native of Caledonia, P. E. I., where he was born May 18, 1871. He left there when twenty years of age and went to Quincy, finding employment with A. M. I. MacLeod for three years, when he went with the Eagle Polishing Company, and then with the Mitchell Polishing Company, where he remained until he become associated in business with Mr. Clark. He is a member of Clan McGregor, and in 1913 was elected Chief of the McGregors, No 5, of Quincy, an unusual honor, as he never before held an office in that order.

WILLIAM H. DEACON, proprietor of Deacon Brothers' estab lishment, 109 Centre street, Quincy Adams, is a native of Prince town, Devonshire County, England, where he was born November 16, 1861. After learning the stone-cutting trade with his father, Walter Deacon, he worked as a journeyman in England until 1884, when he went to Quincy and was employed by Adam Vogel & Sons about one year, and with other firms until 1889, when he became associated with John Cole under the firm name of Cole & Deacon, and established cutting yards on Centre street. About eighteen months later Mr. Deacon bought Mr. Cole's interest and joined his brother Walter in business under the firm name of Deacon Brothers, which was continued until 1906, when Mr. Deacon bought Walter's interest and has continued the business alone. His plant is one of the best in Quincy, embracing cutting sheds, polishing and sawing shops, all of which cover an area of more than 35,000 square feet. He gives employment to thirty-five hands, and his plant furnishes compressed air to other shops, he using a 150 horse power engine. He cuts all kinds of monumental, cemetery and building stones, which are shipped to all parts of the United States. Mr. Deacon is a member of Rural Lodge, St. Stephen Chapter and Quincy Com mandery, F. and A. M., a charter member of Granite Lodge, Sons of St. George, the Board of Trade, and is a vestryman of Christ's Episcopal Church. He also served in the City Council, 1907-1908.

JOHN THOMPSON & SONS, Quarry street, Quincy Adams, is one of the oldest manufacturers of all kinds of domestic granite in this section, having been established about half a century ago by Smith Brothers. In 1873 John Thompson and his sons, W. and J., bought out the business. The former learned the stonecutting trade in Scotland and the sons in Quincy.

Thompson, Senior, died in 1897 and the sons continued it until their death. William died in 1898 and James in 1910. The latter served the city on the Board of Assessors, president of the Common Council, and as Mayor, holding the office of chief executive during 1895-96-97. A son of William, John W. Thompson, joined his uncle after leaving school and has conducted the business for both estates since 1910. He is a native of Quincy, where he was born December 25, 1875.

RICHARD GORDON, proprietor of the Columbia Granite Works, corner of Columbia and Centre streets, Quincy Adams, is a native of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, where he was born March 4, 1858. He was apprenticed to a stonecutter in 1874, and after serving five years worked as journeyman until 1885, when he went to Quincy in the employ of J. Thompson & Sons. Eight years later he was engaged by Cook & Watkins as superintendent of their yard at Quincy, and then went to Scotland as their resident manager. Two years later he returned to the yard in Quincy and as manager until 1893, when he became associated with John McQueen under the firm name of the Columbia Granite Works, R. Gordon & Co., proprietors, and bought the yard formerly owned by S. Henry Barnicoat. Three years ago Mr. Gordon bought Mr. McQueen's interest, and is now sole proprietor of the works. He employs 15 men and does a large wholesale monumental business all over the United States. Of the many fine monuments he has cut we may mention the Webb and the Kaetsner pieces at Chicago, Ill Mr. Gordon is a life member of Operative Lodge, F. and A. M., of Aberdeen, Scotland, and of the Scots' Charitable Society of Boston.

THE FIRM OF HUGHES & JOHNSON, Quincy, Mass, is com- posed of Roland Hughes and Andrew Johnson. Mr. Hughes was born in Wales, England, June 8, 1872, and came to this country in 1892 and settled at Quincy, finding employment in the cutting yard of John Walters. Three years later he worked for Swingle & Fal coner, where he remained until he became associated with Mr. John son.

Mr. Johnson was born at Eslof, Sweden, May 2, 1874, and came to Quincy in 1892, working for Swingle & Falconer eleven years, or until 1903, when he and Mr. Hughes started business in a small shop, nearly adjoining their present plant, which they built two years later. They employ thirty men and do a large wholesale business in all kinds of cemetery and monumental stones all over the country. Their plant is a model of its kind, and fully equipped with all the latest tools and machinery.

Both gentlemen are members of the Rural Lodge, F. & A. M.; St. Stephen's Chapter, R. A. M., Boston Council, R. and S. M.; Quincy Commandery, K. T., and Aleppo Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S.

ALEXANDER FALCONER, Quincy Adams, is a native of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, where he was born October 14, 1854. He served three years at his trade, and in 1877 went to St. Catherines, Ontario, where he was employed building the Welland canal. Two years later he went to Buffalo and New York, working until 1891, at which time he moved to Quincy, where he was employed three years. He then bought what are now the Falconer quarries and engaged in the contracting business dealing in monumental, edge and paving stone. He is also one of the stockholders of the Blue Hill Quarry at West Quincy, and is a wholesale dealer in monu ments. Mr. Falconer was a member of Quincy Common Council in 1895-96, and of the Board of Assessors, 1909-10-11. He is past treasurer of Rural Lodge and is a member of the Council Com mandery and Knight Templars, F. and A. M., also Clan MacGregor.

THE FIRM OF LONG & SAUNDERS, Quincy Adams, is composed of Charles W. Long and William L. Saunders. Mr. Long was born in Maine and learned the stone-cutter's trade, after which he moved to Stoughton, Mass, where he resided until he moved to Brockton. He was employed as traveling salesman by Thomas, Miller & Co., which position he held until 1890, when he became associated with Mr. Saunders. He is a member of F. and A. M., and the Sons of Veterans. William L. Saunders is a native of Gloucester, Mass., where he was born July, 1849. After leaving school he followed the business of his father-that of fisherman-a few months, and then went to Quincy, and was apprenticed to Churchill & Hitchcock, stone cutters. Two years later he secured a position with George Barker & Co., of Gloucester, stone cutters, where he remained six years. He returned to Quincy and was employed by the Mitchell Granite Company, and later by Friend & Field, until 1890, when he became associated with Mr. Long, and leased the yards they now operate. In 1907 they bought a quarry at Freeport, Me., consisting of twenty-seven acres, from which they quarry a very fine light building stone. This firm does a large business in monuments of all kinds, and has cut some very notable pieces, one of which, the soldiers' monument at Brockton, Mass, is pictured in this volume. Among others may be mentioned statue monuments at Sharon and Whitman, Mass, two at Belfast, equestrian statues at Danvers and East Walpole, Mass, and a very large memorial at Haverhill. Mr. Saunders is a member of Cape Ann Lodge, K. of P., and the A.O.U.W.

BES CRAIG, Gilbert street, Quincy Adams, is a native of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, where he was born January 10, 1857. After leaving school he was apprenticed to a stonecutter in Aber deen four years, after which he worked until 1882 as a journeyman. He went to Quincy and was employed by McPherson & Patterson and months later he went to work for McDonald & Sons. In 1891 he became associated with several stonecutters and they formed a partnership under the firm name of A. M. Deane & Co., but less than two years later Mr. Craig joined Mr. Hector under the firm name of Craig & Hector. In 1894 Mr. Hector retired and the busi ness was incorporated under its present name, the Forbes Craig Company, Mr. Craig's three sons being admitted to the firm. They do a large business throughout the United States. The plant covers more than 20,000 square feet, and is equipped with all the latest machines and appliances, while they give employment to about forty hands. They are also stockholders of the Quincy Adams Quarry Company. Mr. Craig is a member of Rural Lodge, St. Stephens Chapter, Quincy Commandery, Aleppo Temple and the Eastern Star, F. and A. M., Clan MacDougall, Order of Scottish Clans, Scots' Charitable Society and president of the board of trustees of the First Presbyterian Church of Quincy.

THE FIRM OF PROUT BROTHERS, Quincy, is composed of George, Richard, and William Prout. They are natives of Cornwall, Scot- land, where George was born, January 15, 1865, Richard, April 3, 1866, and William, August 8, 1867. Their father was a stone cutter, and worked in Cornwall, and in this country, and with whom George learned his trade. In 1873 the family moved to Rawley, Mass., and in 1876, to Quincy, where the brothers were employed until 1889, when they formed a partnership and located in a small shed on Garfield street. In 1902 they bought their present up-to-date plant, where they have 45,000 square feet of land, on which, beside the cutting shed and polishing mill, is a convenient and commodious cutting yard. They employ 35 hands, and do all kinds of cemetery work of the highest grade. The soldiers' monument at Uxbridge, Mass, and the McCormack monument at Mount Calvary, Boston, are samples of their work.

George is a member of I. O. O. F. and the Order of Moose. Richard, of Rural Lodge, Wollaston, F. and A. M., and William, of the Sons of St. George.

THE PINEL TOOL COMPANY, 242 Water street, Quincy Adams, is composed of Alfred Pinel and his son Alfred P. J. Mr. Pinel, Sr., was born at Jersey Channel Island, England, April 5, 1852. He learned the blacksmith trade with his brother, Philip Pinel, and in 1872 went to Quincy, finding employment with Charles H Hardwick & Co., and later with Frederick Fuller. He then be came associated with his brother, Walter P. Pinel, and under the firm name of Pinel Brothers engaged in the tool manufacturing and blacksmith business, which they conducted eighteen years. Alfred bought his brother's interest and later he sold out and formed the Gifford-Pinel corporation which in turn sold to the Vulcan Tool Company. The same year the present firm was established and in 1908 they built their present up-to-date plant where they do black smithing in all its branches as well as manufacturing granite cut ters and contractors' tools of various kinds. One of their most cele brated inventions is a boltless surface Bush hammer chisel, patented February 11, 1908. They were also the prime movers in the intro duction of drop forged hand bush hammers. A. P. J. Pinel is a native of Quincy, where he was born March 17, 1875.

In 1892 he learned his trade with Pinel Brothers and after eight years went to work in the United States Navy Yard at Charles town, Mass, where he had charge of the making and repairing of all tools used by the construction and repairs department. Four years later he accepted a similar position at the Fore River Shipbuilding and Engine Company at Quincy, Mass. In 1907 he became traveling salesman for the Gifford-Pinel Company, and when they sold out to the Vulcan Tool Company, built the shop now occupied by the Pinel Tool Company and started business under that name in 1908, being joined the following year by his father, who had been acting in the meantime as manager for the Vulcan Tool Company.

Three other sons of Alfred Pinel are also employed by the firm, viz, Philip John, Joseph Walter and Edgar Leigh. The case of tools shown in this volume was made by Philip Pinel about forty-five years ago and is a miniature sample of prob ably every kind of tool used in the quarrying and cutting of stone at that time. They were exhibited at that time on the Island of Jer sey and received first prize and were also exhibited about 1885 at the Masonic fair in Quincy, Mass.

Few stonecutters can name every tool in the case, and it is safe to say that not one in a thousand who has learned the trade since pneumatic power came into use can do so. The thirty tools with their walnut handles weigh less than one pound. In those days all tools were made of iron with steel welded only on the working ends and not of steel as they are now, and were made by hand, the steam or trip hammer not being used.

NAPOLEON Z. REED AND ARMOND VENDRET compose the firm of Reed & Vendret, of 43 Vernon street, Quincy. Mr. Reed is a native of Canada, where he was born April 14, 1865. When a baby his parents moved to Lawrence, Mass, and later to Newmarket, N. H., and Biddeford, Me., Mr. Reed went West and worked as a stone driller in Graniteville, Miss., two years, when he went to Quincy and was employed by John Thompson & Sons six years, and later by Friend & Field, also by McDonald & Cook. In 1900, he started in business with William Souden, under the firm name of Souden & Reed, but the firm dissolved eighteen months later, and Mr. Reed conducted business alone until he became associated with Mr. Vendret. He is a member of Knights